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Replica of a 10,000 year old round-house which was excavated from a cliff-top site which had been discovered by the identification of flint artifacts in the eroding cliffs by amateur archaeologists.
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Our knowledge of the equipment carried by Mesolithic hunters is mainly based on archaeological remains from the Star Carr site in Yorkshire, which has provided many well-preserved artefacts including arrow barbs, knives, scrapers, sharpening flakes and even drill bits. It was clear that each hunter would be equipped with a knife carried in a pouch slung from a belt, a 5' yew bow and a quiver. The arrowheads (microliths) were made according to the prey ranging from short & blunt for birds, barbed for fish and heavy, long & sharp for bison.
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The excavation occurred parallel to a survey investigation on Gioura and the adjacent islands. A few more caves located on the island of Gioura have yielded evidence of the same Mesolithic culture with the cave of Cyclops, while abundant Middle Palaeolithic and Neolithic material was also collected. A systematic underwater research all along the seashore of Gioura resulted in the location of several underwater caves around the depth of 20-30 m. below sea level, which would have been dry and probably occupied during the Mesolithic. No evidence of human occupation was traced though, only due to the difficulties posed by underwater investigation.
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Children through the ages: Mesolithic - Medieval
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Red Deer Headdress Mesolithic, around 8500 BC. Star Carr, Yorkshire, England Excavated by Grahame Clark, MAA 1953.61 Made from the skull and antlers of a red deer, this headdress may have been worn with a deer-skin costume. It is believed that people used objects like this to help them look like and act like their prey, and thus become better hunters. This suggests a particularly porous boundary between human and animal.
Gioura Mesolithic subsistence strategies are strongly reminiscent of the cultural processes which took place by the end of the Late Epipalaeolithic in the Near East; the Natufian culture, well studied in various cave sites of Israel, is the most famous aspect of this trend, still strongly foraging with hints of sedentism. The recent excavation by A. Sampson of an open Mesolithic settlement and underlying cemetery at a low promontory named Maroulas on the island of Kythnos, dated to the 8th mil. B.C., strengthens the view that a new era has begun for Greek archaeology, the era for the discovery of Mesolithic cultures.
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